The day of the week, each governed by a planet: Sunday by Surya (Sun), Monday by Chandra (Moon), Tuesday by Mangal (Mars), Wednesday by Budha (Mercury), Thursday by Guru (Jupiter), Friday by Shukra (Venus), Saturday by Shani (Saturn).

Tithi — Lunar Day

The lunar day, based on the angular distance between the Sun and Moon. Each 12° of separation is one tithi. The 30 tithis cycle through Shukla Paksha (waxing, 1–15) and Krishna Paksha (waning, 1–15). Purnima is the full moon on tithi 15 of Shukla; Amavasya is the new moon on tithi 15 of Krishna.

Nakshatra — Lunar Mansion

The nakshatra, or lunar mansion, occupied by the Moon at sunrise. The 27 nakshatras divide the zodiac into equal 13°20' segments, each with its own ruling deity and planetary lord. The Moon transits each nakshatra in roughly one day.

Yoga

Formed by adding the longitudes of the Sun and Moon. The 27 yogas range from auspicious (Siddhi, Shubha, Vriddhi) to inauspicious (Vishkambha, Shula, Vyaghata). Unlike tithi and nakshatra, yoga is not directly observable but is calculated astronomically.

Karana — Half Tithi

A karana is half of a tithi (each 6° of Moon–Sun separation). There are 11 karanas: 4 fixed (Shakuni, Chatushpada, Nagava, Kimstughna) and 7 recurring (Bava, Balava, Kaulava, Taitila, Gara, Vanija, Vishti). Two karanas occur each day — the one at sunrise is recorded here.

All times are in IST (UTC+5:30). Location: New Delhi (28.6°N 77.2°E). Ayanamsa: Lahiri. Calculations are approximate — within ~5 minutes for rise/set times.